( function () {

	const _raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
	const _tempVector = new THREE.Vector3();
	const _tempVector2 = new THREE.Vector3();
	const _tempQuaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
	const _unit = {
		X: new THREE.Vector3( 1, 0, 0 ),
		Y: new THREE.Vector3( 0, 1, 0 ),
		Z: new THREE.Vector3( 0, 0, 1 )
	};
	const _changeEvent = {
		type: 'change'
	};
	const _mouseDownEvent = {
		type: 'mouseDown'
	};
	const _mouseUpEvent = {
		type: 'mouseUp',
		mode: null
	};
	const _objectChangeEvent = {
		type: 'objectChange'
	};
	class TransformControls extends THREE.Object3D {

		constructor( camera, domElement ) {

			super();
			if ( domElement === undefined ) {

				console.warn( 'THREE.TransformControls: The second parameter "domElement" is now mandatory.' );
				domElement = document;

			}

			this.isTransformControls = true;
			this.visible = false;
			this.domElement = domElement;
			this.domElement.style.touchAction = 'none'; // disable touch scroll

			const _gizmo = new TransformControlsGizmo();
			this._gizmo = _gizmo;
			this.add( _gizmo );
			const _plane = new TransformControlsPlane();
			this._plane = _plane;
			this.add( _plane );
			const scope = this;

			// Defined getter, setter and store for a property
			function defineProperty( propName, defaultValue ) {

				let propValue = defaultValue;
				Object.defineProperty( scope, propName, {
					get: function () {

						return propValue !== undefined ? propValue : defaultValue;

					},
					set: function ( value ) {

						if ( propValue !== value ) {

							propValue = value;
							_plane[ propName ] = value;
							_gizmo[ propName ] = value;
							scope.dispatchEvent( {
								type: propName + '-changed',
								value: value
							} );
							scope.dispatchEvent( _changeEvent );

						}

					}
				} );
				scope[ propName ] = defaultValue;
				_plane[ propName ] = defaultValue;
				_gizmo[ propName ] = defaultValue;

			}

			// Define properties with getters/setter
			// Setting the defined property will automatically trigger change event
			// Defined properties are passed down to gizmo and plane

			defineProperty( 'camera', camera );
			defineProperty( 'object', undefined );
			defineProperty( 'enabled', true );
			defineProperty( 'axis', null );
			defineProperty( 'mode', 'translate' );
			defineProperty( 'translationSnap', null );
			defineProperty( 'rotationSnap', null );
			defineProperty( 'scaleSnap', null );
			defineProperty( 'space', 'world' );
			defineProperty( 'size', 1 );
			defineProperty( 'dragging', false );
			defineProperty( 'showX', true );
			defineProperty( 'showY', true );
			defineProperty( 'showZ', true );

			// Reusable utility variables

			const worldPosition = new THREE.Vector3();
			const worldPositionStart = new THREE.Vector3();
			const worldQuaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
			const worldQuaternionStart = new THREE.Quaternion();
			const cameraPosition = new THREE.Vector3();
			const cameraQuaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
			const pointStart = new THREE.Vector3();
			const pointEnd = new THREE.Vector3();
			const rotationAxis = new THREE.Vector3();
			const rotationAngle = 0;
			const eye = new THREE.Vector3();

			// TODO: remove properties unused in plane and gizmo

			defineProperty( 'worldPosition', worldPosition );
			defineProperty( 'worldPositionStart', worldPositionStart );
			defineProperty( 'worldQuaternion', worldQuaternion );
			defineProperty( 'worldQuaternionStart', worldQuaternionStart );
			defineProperty( 'cameraPosition', cameraPosition );
			defineProperty( 'cameraQuaternion', cameraQuaternion );
			defineProperty( 'pointStart', pointStart );
			defineProperty( 'pointEnd', pointEnd );
			defineProperty( 'rotationAxis', rotationAxis );
			defineProperty( 'rotationAngle', rotationAngle );
			defineProperty( 'eye', eye );
			this._offset = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._startNorm = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._endNorm = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._cameraScale = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._parentPosition = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._parentQuaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
			this._parentQuaternionInv = new THREE.Quaternion();
			this._parentScale = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._worldScaleStart = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._worldQuaternionInv = new THREE.Quaternion();
			this._worldScale = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._positionStart = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._quaternionStart = new THREE.Quaternion();
			this._scaleStart = new THREE.Vector3();
			this._getPointer = getPointer.bind( this );
			this._onPointerDown = onPointerDown.bind( this );
			this._onPointerHover = onPointerHover.bind( this );
			this._onPointerMove = onPointerMove.bind( this );
			this._onPointerUp = onPointerUp.bind( this );
			this.domElement.addEventListener( 'pointerdown', this._onPointerDown );
			this.domElement.addEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerHover );
			this.domElement.addEventListener( 'pointerup', this._onPointerUp );

		}

		// updateMatrixWorld  updates key transformation variables
		updateMatrixWorld() {

			if ( this.object !== undefined ) {

				this.object.updateMatrixWorld();
				if ( this.object.parent === null ) {

					console.error( 'TransformControls: The attached 3D object must be a part of the scene graph.' );

				} else {

					this.object.parent.matrixWorld.decompose( this._parentPosition, this._parentQuaternion, this._parentScale );

				}

				this.object.matrixWorld.decompose( this.worldPosition, this.worldQuaternion, this._worldScale );
				this._parentQuaternionInv.copy( this._parentQuaternion ).invert();
				this._worldQuaternionInv.copy( this.worldQuaternion ).invert();

			}

			this.camera.updateMatrixWorld();
			this.camera.matrixWorld.decompose( this.cameraPosition, this.cameraQuaternion, this._cameraScale );
			if ( this.camera.isOrthographicCamera ) {

				this.camera.getWorldDirection( this.eye ).negate();

			} else {

				this.eye.copy( this.cameraPosition ).sub( this.worldPosition ).normalize();

			}

			super.updateMatrixWorld( this );

		}
		pointerHover( pointer ) {

			if ( this.object === undefined || this.dragging === true ) return;
			_raycaster.setFromCamera( pointer, this.camera );
			const intersect = intersectObjectWithRay( this._gizmo.picker[ this.mode ], _raycaster );
			if ( intersect ) {

				this.axis = intersect.object.name;

			} else {

				this.axis = null;

			}

		}
		pointerDown( pointer ) {

			if ( this.object === undefined || this.dragging === true || pointer.button !== 0 ) return;
			if ( this.axis !== null ) {

				_raycaster.setFromCamera( pointer, this.camera );
				const planeIntersect = intersectObjectWithRay( this._plane, _raycaster, true );
				if ( planeIntersect ) {

					this.object.updateMatrixWorld();
					this.object.parent.updateMatrixWorld();
					this._positionStart.copy( this.object.position );
					this._quaternionStart.copy( this.object.quaternion );
					this._scaleStart.copy( this.object.scale );
					this.object.matrixWorld.decompose( this.worldPositionStart, this.worldQuaternionStart, this._worldScaleStart );
					this.pointStart.copy( planeIntersect.point ).sub( this.worldPositionStart );

				}

				this.dragging = true;
				_mouseDownEvent.mode = this.mode;
				this.dispatchEvent( _mouseDownEvent );

			}

		}
		pointerMove( pointer ) {

			const axis = this.axis;
			const mode = this.mode;
			const object = this.object;
			let space = this.space;
			if ( mode === 'scale' ) {

				space = 'local';

			} else if ( axis === 'E' || axis === 'XYZE' || axis === 'XYZ' ) {

				space = 'world';

			}

			if ( object === undefined || axis === null || this.dragging === false || pointer.button !== - 1 ) return;
			_raycaster.setFromCamera( pointer, this.camera );
			const planeIntersect = intersectObjectWithRay( this._plane, _raycaster, true );
			if ( ! planeIntersect ) return;
			this.pointEnd.copy( planeIntersect.point ).sub( this.worldPositionStart );
			if ( mode === 'translate' ) {

				// Apply translate

				this._offset.copy( this.pointEnd ).sub( this.pointStart );
				if ( space === 'local' && axis !== 'XYZ' ) {

					this._offset.applyQuaternion( this._worldQuaternionInv );

				}

				if ( axis.indexOf( 'X' ) === - 1 ) this._offset.x = 0;
				if ( axis.indexOf( 'Y' ) === - 1 ) this._offset.y = 0;
				if ( axis.indexOf( 'Z' ) === - 1 ) this._offset.z = 0;
				if ( space === 'local' && axis !== 'XYZ' ) {

					this._offset.applyQuaternion( this._quaternionStart ).divide( this._parentScale );

				} else {

					this._offset.applyQuaternion( this._parentQuaternionInv ).divide( this._parentScale );

				}

				object.position.copy( this._offset ).add( this._positionStart );

				// Apply translation snap

				if ( this.translationSnap ) {

					if ( space === 'local' ) {

						object.position.applyQuaternion( _tempQuaternion.copy( this._quaternionStart ).invert() );
						if ( axis.search( 'X' ) !== - 1 ) {

							object.position.x = Math.round( object.position.x / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

						}

						if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) !== - 1 ) {

							object.position.y = Math.round( object.position.y / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

						}

						if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) !== - 1 ) {

							object.position.z = Math.round( object.position.z / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

						}

						object.position.applyQuaternion( this._quaternionStart );

					}

					if ( space === 'world' ) {

						if ( object.parent ) {

							object.position.add( _tempVector.setFromMatrixPosition( object.parent.matrixWorld ) );

						}

						if ( axis.search( 'X' ) !== - 1 ) {

							object.position.x = Math.round( object.position.x / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

						}

						if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) !== - 1 ) {

							object.position.y = Math.round( object.position.y / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

						}

						if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) !== - 1 ) {

							object.position.z = Math.round( object.position.z / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

						}

						if ( object.parent ) {

							object.position.sub( _tempVector.setFromMatrixPosition( object.parent.matrixWorld ) );

						}

					}

				}

			} else if ( mode === 'scale' ) {

				if ( axis.search( 'XYZ' ) !== - 1 ) {

					let d = this.pointEnd.length() / this.pointStart.length();
					if ( this.pointEnd.dot( this.pointStart ) < 0 ) d *= - 1;
					_tempVector2.set( d, d, d );

				} else {

					_tempVector.copy( this.pointStart );
					_tempVector2.copy( this.pointEnd );
					_tempVector.applyQuaternion( this._worldQuaternionInv );
					_tempVector2.applyQuaternion( this._worldQuaternionInv );
					_tempVector2.divide( _tempVector );
					if ( axis.search( 'X' ) === - 1 ) {

						_tempVector2.x = 1;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) === - 1 ) {

						_tempVector2.y = 1;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) === - 1 ) {

						_tempVector2.z = 1;

					}

				}

				// Apply scale

				object.scale.copy( this._scaleStart ).multiply( _tempVector2 );
				if ( this.scaleSnap ) {

					if ( axis.search( 'X' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.scale.x = Math.round( object.scale.x / this.scaleSnap ) * this.scaleSnap || this.scaleSnap;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.scale.y = Math.round( object.scale.y / this.scaleSnap ) * this.scaleSnap || this.scaleSnap;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.scale.z = Math.round( object.scale.z / this.scaleSnap ) * this.scaleSnap || this.scaleSnap;

					}

				}

			} else if ( mode === 'rotate' ) {

				this._offset.copy( this.pointEnd ).sub( this.pointStart );
				const ROTATION_SPEED = 20 / this.worldPosition.distanceTo( _tempVector.setFromMatrixPosition( this.camera.matrixWorld ) );
				if ( axis === 'E' ) {

					this.rotationAxis.copy( this.eye );
					this.rotationAngle = this.pointEnd.angleTo( this.pointStart );
					this._startNorm.copy( this.pointStart ).normalize();
					this._endNorm.copy( this.pointEnd ).normalize();
					this.rotationAngle *= this._endNorm.cross( this._startNorm ).dot( this.eye ) < 0 ? 1 : - 1;

				} else if ( axis === 'XYZE' ) {

					this.rotationAxis.copy( this._offset ).cross( this.eye ).normalize();
					this.rotationAngle = this._offset.dot( _tempVector.copy( this.rotationAxis ).cross( this.eye ) ) * ROTATION_SPEED;

				} else if ( axis === 'X' || axis === 'Y' || axis === 'Z' ) {

					this.rotationAxis.copy( _unit[ axis ] );
					_tempVector.copy( _unit[ axis ] );
					if ( space === 'local' ) {

						_tempVector.applyQuaternion( this.worldQuaternion );

					}

					this.rotationAngle = this._offset.dot( _tempVector.cross( this.eye ).normalize() ) * ROTATION_SPEED;

				}

				// Apply rotation snap

				if ( this.rotationSnap ) this.rotationAngle = Math.round( this.rotationAngle / this.rotationSnap ) * this.rotationSnap;

				// Apply rotate
				if ( space === 'local' && axis !== 'E' && axis !== 'XYZE' ) {

					object.quaternion.copy( this._quaternionStart );
					object.quaternion.multiply( _tempQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( this.rotationAxis, this.rotationAngle ) ).normalize();

				} else {

					this.rotationAxis.applyQuaternion( this._parentQuaternionInv );
					object.quaternion.copy( _tempQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( this.rotationAxis, this.rotationAngle ) );
					object.quaternion.multiply( this._quaternionStart ).normalize();

				}

			}

			this.dispatchEvent( _changeEvent );
			this.dispatchEvent( _objectChangeEvent );

		}
		pointerUp( pointer ) {

			if ( pointer.button !== 0 ) return;
			if ( this.dragging && this.axis !== null ) {

				_mouseUpEvent.mode = this.mode;
				this.dispatchEvent( _mouseUpEvent );

			}

			this.dragging = false;
			this.axis = null;

		}
		dispose() {

			this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this._onPointerDown );
			this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerHover );
			this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );
			this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointerup', this._onPointerUp );
			this.traverse( function ( child ) {

				if ( child.geometry ) child.geometry.dispose();
				if ( child.material ) child.material.dispose();

			} );

		}

		// Set current object
		attach( object ) {

			this.object = object;
			this.visible = true;
			return this;

		}

		// Detach from object
		detach() {

			this.object = undefined;
			this.visible = false;
			this.axis = null;
			return this;

		}
		reset() {

			if ( ! this.enabled ) return;
			if ( this.dragging ) {

				this.object.position.copy( this._positionStart );
				this.object.quaternion.copy( this._quaternionStart );
				this.object.scale.copy( this._scaleStart );
				this.dispatchEvent( _changeEvent );
				this.dispatchEvent( _objectChangeEvent );
				this.pointStart.copy( this.pointEnd );

			}

		}
		getRaycaster() {

			return _raycaster;

		}

		// TODO: deprecate

		getMode() {

			return this.mode;

		}
		setMode( mode ) {

			this.mode = mode;

		}
		setTranslationSnap( translationSnap ) {

			this.translationSnap = translationSnap;

		}
		setRotationSnap( rotationSnap ) {

			this.rotationSnap = rotationSnap;

		}
		setScaleSnap( scaleSnap ) {

			this.scaleSnap = scaleSnap;

		}
		setSize( size ) {

			this.size = size;

		}
		setSpace( space ) {

			this.space = space;

		}

	}

	// mouse / touch event handlers

	function getPointer( event ) {

		if ( this.domElement.ownerDocument.pointerLockElement ) {

			return {
				x: 0,
				y: 0,
				button: event.button
			};

		} else {

			const rect = this.domElement.getBoundingClientRect();
			return {
				x: ( event.clientX - rect.left ) / rect.width * 2 - 1,
				y: - ( event.clientY - rect.top ) / rect.height * 2 + 1,
				button: event.button
			};

		}

	}

	function onPointerHover( event ) {

		if ( ! this.enabled ) return;
		switch ( event.pointerType ) {

			case 'mouse':
			case 'pen':
				this.pointerHover( this._getPointer( event ) );
				break;

		}

	}

	function onPointerDown( event ) {

		if ( ! this.enabled ) return;
		if ( ! document.pointerLockElement ) {

			this.domElement.setPointerCapture( event.pointerId );

		}

		this.domElement.addEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );
		this.pointerHover( this._getPointer( event ) );
		this.pointerDown( this._getPointer( event ) );

	}

	function onPointerMove( event ) {

		if ( ! this.enabled ) return;
		this.pointerMove( this._getPointer( event ) );

	}

	function onPointerUp( event ) {

		if ( ! this.enabled ) return;
		this.domElement.releasePointerCapture( event.pointerId );
		this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );
		this.pointerUp( this._getPointer( event ) );

	}

	function intersectObjectWithRay( object, raycaster, includeInvisible ) {

		const allIntersections = raycaster.intersectObject( object, true );
		for ( let i = 0; i < allIntersections.length; i ++ ) {

			if ( allIntersections[ i ].object.visible || includeInvisible ) {

				return allIntersections[ i ];

			}

		}

		return false;

	}

	//

	// Reusable utility variables

	const _tempEuler = new THREE.Euler();
	const _alignVector = new THREE.Vector3( 0, 1, 0 );
	const _zeroVector = new THREE.Vector3( 0, 0, 0 );
	const _lookAtMatrix = new THREE.Matrix4();
	const _tempQuaternion2 = new THREE.Quaternion();
	const _identityQuaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
	const _dirVector = new THREE.Vector3();
	const _tempMatrix = new THREE.Matrix4();
	const _unitX = new THREE.Vector3( 1, 0, 0 );
	const _unitY = new THREE.Vector3( 0, 1, 0 );
	const _unitZ = new THREE.Vector3( 0, 0, 1 );
	const _v1 = new THREE.Vector3();
	const _v2 = new THREE.Vector3();
	const _v3 = new THREE.Vector3();
	class TransformControlsGizmo extends THREE.Object3D {

		constructor() {

			super();
			this.isTransformControlsGizmo = true;
			this.type = 'TransformControlsGizmo';

			// shared materials

			const gizmoMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( {
				depthTest: false,
				depthWrite: false,
				fog: false,
				toneMapped: false,
				transparent: true
			} );
			const gizmoLineMaterial = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial( {
				depthTest: false,
				depthWrite: false,
				fog: false,
				toneMapped: false,
				transparent: true
			} );

			// Make unique material for each axis/color

			const matInvisible = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			// 拾取热区（picker）纯为命中检测而存在，不该被渲染。
			// 原实现给了 0.15 透明度，拖拽时原点附近会露出一圈白色鬼影
			// （八面体中心拾取框 + 平板外圈更大的透明方块）。射线检测不看
			// 材质可见性，设 visible:false 命中不受影响。
			matInvisible.visible = false;
			const matHelper = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
			matHelper.opacity = 0.5;
			const matRed = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matRed.color.setHex( 0xff0000 );
			const matGreen = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matGreen.color.setHex( 0x00ff00 );
			const matBlue = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matBlue.color.setHex( 0x0000ff );
			const matRedTransparent = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matRedTransparent.color.setHex( 0xff0000 );
			matRedTransparent.opacity = 0.5;
			const matGreenTransparent = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matGreenTransparent.color.setHex( 0x00ff00 );
			matGreenTransparent.opacity = 0.5;
			const matBlueTransparent = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matBlueTransparent.color.setHex( 0x0000ff );
			matBlueTransparent.opacity = 0.5;
			const matWhiteTransparent = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matWhiteTransparent.opacity = 0.25;
			const matYellowTransparent = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matYellowTransparent.color.setHex( 0xffff00 );
			matYellowTransparent.opacity = 0.25;
			const matYellow = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matYellow.color.setHex( 0xffff00 );
			const matGray = gizmoMaterial.clone();
			matGray.color.setHex( 0x787878 );

			// reusable geometry

			const arrowGeometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0, 0.04, 0.1, 12 );
			arrowGeometry.translate( 0, 0.05, 0 );
			const scaleHandleGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.08, 0.08, 0.08 );
			scaleHandleGeometry.translate( 0, 0.04, 0 );
			const lineGeometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
			lineGeometry.setAttribute( 'position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute( [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], 3 ) );
			const lineGeometry2 = new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.0075, 0.0075, 0.5, 3 );
			lineGeometry2.translate( 0, 0.25, 0 );
			function CircleGeometry( radius, arc ) {

				const geometry = new THREE.TorusGeometry( radius, 0.0075, 3, 64, arc * Math.PI * 2 );
				geometry.rotateY( Math.PI / 2 );
				geometry.rotateX( Math.PI / 2 );
				return geometry;

			}

			// 旋转拾取用：与 CircleGeometry 同朝向，但管径更粗、便于点中（RoboDK 风格短弧）
			function PickerCircleGeometry( radius, arc, tube ) {

				const geometry = new THREE.TorusGeometry( radius, tube, 4, 24, arc * Math.PI * 2 );
				geometry.rotateY( Math.PI / 2 );
				geometry.rotateX( Math.PI / 2 );
				return geometry;

			}

			// —— RoboDK 风格旋转手柄：连接两条基轴的短弧 + 两端指向基轴的箭头（留空隙）——
			// u,v = 该手柄连接的两条基轴单位向量；旋转轴 n = u×v。几何直接建在最终坐标系。
			function RotArcGeometry( u, v, R, a0, a1, tube ) {

				const g = new THREE.TorusGeometry( R, tube, 3, 64, a1 - a0 );
				g.rotateZ( a0 );                                       // 起点角移到 a0（XY 平面内）
				const n = new THREE.Vector3().crossVectors( u, v );
				g.applyMatrix4( new THREE.Matrix4().makeBasis( u, v, n ) );  // X→u, Y→v, Z→n
				return g;

			}
			function RotConeGeometry( P, dir, coneR, coneH ) {

				const g = new THREE.ConeGeometry( coneR, coneH, 12 );
				g.translate( 0, coneH / 2, 0 );                        // 底在原点，尖端沿 +Y
				const q = new THREE.Quaternion().setFromUnitVectors(
					new THREE.Vector3( 0, 1, 0 ), dir.clone().normalize() );
				g.applyMatrix4( new THREE.Matrix4().makeRotationFromQuaternion( q ).setPosition( P ) );
				return g;

			}
			function RotHandle( u, v, mat, R, a0, a1, tube, coneR, coneH ) {

				const Pu = u.clone().multiplyScalar( R * Math.cos( a0 ) ).add( v.clone().multiplyScalar( R * Math.sin( a0 ) ) );
				const Pv = u.clone().multiplyScalar( R * Math.cos( a1 ) ).add( v.clone().multiplyScalar( R * Math.sin( a1 ) ) );
				// 箭头沿弧的切线方向（旋转方向）向外，形成双向弯箭头：
				// 切线 T(φ)= -sinφ·u + cosφ·v；u 端朝 -T(a0)、v 端朝 +T(a1)（均背离弧中段）
				const Du = u.clone().multiplyScalar( Math.sin( a0 ) ).add( v.clone().multiplyScalar( - Math.cos( a0 ) ) );
				const Dv = u.clone().multiplyScalar( - Math.sin( a1 ) ).add( v.clone().multiplyScalar( Math.cos( a1 ) ) );
				const els = [ [ new THREE.Mesh( RotArcGeometry( u, v, R, a0, a1, tube ), mat ) ] ];
				if ( coneR > 0 ) {

					els.push( [ new THREE.Mesh( RotConeGeometry( Pu, Du, coneR, coneH ), mat ) ] );  // u 端切向
					els.push( [ new THREE.Mesh( RotConeGeometry( Pv, Dv, coneR, coneH ), mat ) ] );  // v 端切向

				}

				return els;

			}
			const _V = ( x, y, z ) => new THREE.Vector3( x, y, z );
			const ROT_R = 0.5, ROT_TUBE = 0.0075, ROT_A0 = 0.41, ROT_A1 = Math.PI / 2 - 0.41;
			const ROT_CR = 0.03, ROT_CH = 0.09;

			// Special geometry for transform helper. If scaled with position vector it spans from [0,0,0] to position

			function TranslateHelperGeometry() {

				const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
				geometry.setAttribute( 'position', new THREE.Float32BufferAttribute( [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ], 3 ) );
				return geometry;

			}

			// Gizmo definitions - custom hierarchy definitions for setupGizmo() function

			// 仅保留正方向轴线+箭头；负方向不显示。
			const gizmoTranslate = {
				X: [[ new THREE.Mesh( arrowGeometry, matRed ), [ 0.5, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( lineGeometry2, matRed ), [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]]],
				Y: [[ new THREE.Mesh( arrowGeometry, matGreen ), [ 0, 0.5, 0 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( lineGeometry2, matGreen ) ]],
				Z: [[ new THREE.Mesh( arrowGeometry, matBlue ), [ 0, 0, 0.5 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( lineGeometry2, matBlue ), null, [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]],
				// 去掉原版的中心块 XYZ（白色半透明八面体，opacity 0.25，坐在原点上，
				// 正对轴看就是一个白方块）：它压在三根箭头根部，拾取热区（下面 pickerTranslate）
				// 半径还比可见块大一倍，抢点击。屏幕平面自由拖动由三块平面板 XY/YZ/XZ 覆盖。
				XY: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.212, 0.212, 0.01 ), matBlueTransparent.clone() ), [ 0.15, 0.15, 0 ]]],
				YZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.212, 0.212, 0.01 ), matRedTransparent.clone() ), [ 0, 0.15, 0.15 ], [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]]],
				XZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.212, 0.212, 0.01 ), matGreenTransparent.clone() ), [ 0.15, 0, 0.15 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]]
			};
			const pickerTranslate = {
				X: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.3, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]]],
				Y: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.3, 0 ]]],
				Z: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0.3 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]],
				// 中心块的拾取热区随可见块一起删除（见上）。留着的话原点会有一个看不见
				// 却能拖的区域，比露出白块更难受。
				XY: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.283, 0.283, 0.01 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.15, 0.15, 0 ]]],
				YZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.283, 0.283, 0.01 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.15, 0.15 ], [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]]],
				XZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.283, 0.283, 0.01 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.15, 0, 0.15 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]]
			};
			const helperTranslate = {
				START: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.OctahedronGeometry( 0.01, 2 ), matHelper ), null, null, null, 'helper' ]],
				END: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.OctahedronGeometry( 0.01, 2 ), matHelper ), null, null, null, 'helper' ]],
				DELTA: [[ new THREE.Line( TranslateHelperGeometry(), matHelper ), null, null, null, 'helper' ]],
				X: [[ new THREE.Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ - 1e3, 0, 0 ], null, [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]],
				Y: [[ new THREE.Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, - 1e3, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]],
				Z: [[ new THREE.Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, 0, - 1e3 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]]
			};
			// RoboDK 风格：每个旋转手柄 = 连接两条基轴的短弧 + 两端指向基轴的箭头（留空隙）。
			// 去掉整圈环与外层灰环(XYZE)/黄环(E)，避免包住箭头难以点选，且不随视角自转。
			const gizmoRotate = {
				X: RotHandle( _V( 0, 1, 0 ), _V( 0, 0, 1 ), matRed,   ROT_R, ROT_A0, ROT_A1, ROT_TUBE, ROT_CR, ROT_CH ),
				Y: RotHandle( _V( 0, 0, 1 ), _V( 1, 0, 0 ), matGreen, ROT_R, ROT_A0, ROT_A1, ROT_TUBE, ROT_CR, ROT_CH ),
				Z: RotHandle( _V( 1, 0, 0 ), _V( 0, 1, 0 ), matBlue,  ROT_R, ROT_A0, ROT_A1, ROT_TUBE, ROT_CR, ROT_CH )
			};
			const helperRotate = {
				AXIS: [[ new THREE.Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ - 1e3, 0, 0 ], null, [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]]
			};
			const pickerRotate = {
				X: RotHandle( _V( 0, 1, 0 ), _V( 0, 0, 1 ), matInvisible, ROT_R, ROT_A0, ROT_A1, 0.06, 0.06, 0.11 ),
				Y: RotHandle( _V( 0, 0, 1 ), _V( 1, 0, 0 ), matInvisible, ROT_R, ROT_A0, ROT_A1, 0.06, 0.06, 0.11 ),
				Z: RotHandle( _V( 1, 0, 0 ), _V( 0, 1, 0 ), matInvisible, ROT_R, ROT_A0, ROT_A1, 0.06, 0.06, 0.11 )
			};
			const gizmoScale = {
				X: [[ new THREE.Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matRed ), [ 0.5, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( lineGeometry2, matRed ), [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matRed ), [ - 0.5, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ]]],
				Y: [[ new THREE.Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matGreen ), [ 0, 0.5, 0 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( lineGeometry2, matGreen ) ], [ new THREE.Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matGreen ), [ 0, - 0.5, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI ]]],
				Z: [[ new THREE.Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matBlue ), [ 0, 0, 0.5 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( lineGeometry2, matBlue ), [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matBlue ), [ 0, 0, - 0.5 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]],
				XY: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.15, 0.15, 0.01 ), matBlueTransparent ), [ 0.15, 0.15, 0 ]]],
				YZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.15, 0.15, 0.01 ), matRedTransparent ), [ 0, 0.15, 0.15 ], [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]]],
				XZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.15, 0.15, 0.01 ), matGreenTransparent ), [ 0.15, 0, 0.15 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]],
				XYZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 ), matWhiteTransparent.clone() ) ]]
			};
			const pickerScale = {
				X: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.3, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ - 0.3, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ]]],
				Y: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.3, 0 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, - 0.3, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI ]]],
				Z: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0.3 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]], [ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.6, 4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, - 0.3 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]],
				XY: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.01 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.15, 0.15, 0 ]]],
				YZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.01 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.15, 0.15 ], [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]]],
				XZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.01 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.15, 0, 0.15 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]],
				XYZ: [[ new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0 ]]]
			};
			const helperScale = {
				X: [[ new THREE.Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ - 1e3, 0, 0 ], null, [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]],
				Y: [[ new THREE.Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, - 1e3, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]],
				Z: [[ new THREE.Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, 0, - 1e3 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]]
			};

			// Creates an THREE.Object3D with gizmos described in custom hierarchy definition.

			function setupGizmo( gizmoMap ) {

				const gizmo = new THREE.Object3D();
				for ( const name in gizmoMap ) {

					for ( let i = gizmoMap[ name ].length; i --; ) {

						const object = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 0 ].clone();
						const position = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 1 ];
						const rotation = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 2 ];
						const scale = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 3 ];
						const tag = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 4 ];

						// name and tag properties are essential for picking and updating logic.
						object.name = name;
						object.tag = tag;
						if ( position ) {

							object.position.set( position[ 0 ], position[ 1 ], position[ 2 ] );

						}

						if ( rotation ) {

							object.rotation.set( rotation[ 0 ], rotation[ 1 ], rotation[ 2 ] );

						}

						if ( scale ) {

							object.scale.set( scale[ 0 ], scale[ 1 ], scale[ 2 ] );

						}

						object.updateMatrix();
						const tempGeometry = object.geometry.clone();
						tempGeometry.applyMatrix4( object.matrix );
						object.geometry = tempGeometry;
						object.renderOrder = Infinity;
						object.position.set( 0, 0, 0 );
						object.rotation.set( 0, 0, 0 );
						object.scale.set( 1, 1, 1 );
						gizmo.add( object );

					}

				}

				return gizmo;

			}

			// Gizmo creation

			this.gizmo = {};
			this.picker = {};
			this.helper = {};
			this.add( this.gizmo[ 'translate' ] = setupGizmo( gizmoTranslate ) );
			this.add( this.gizmo[ 'rotate' ] = setupGizmo( gizmoRotate ) );
			this.add( this.gizmo[ 'scale' ] = setupGizmo( gizmoScale ) );
			this.add( this.picker[ 'translate' ] = setupGizmo( pickerTranslate ) );
			this.add( this.picker[ 'rotate' ] = setupGizmo( pickerRotate ) );
			this.add( this.picker[ 'scale' ] = setupGizmo( pickerScale ) );
			this.add( this.helper[ 'translate' ] = setupGizmo( helperTranslate ) );
			this.add( this.helper[ 'rotate' ] = setupGizmo( helperRotate ) );
			this.add( this.helper[ 'scale' ] = setupGizmo( helperScale ) );

			// Pickers should be hidden always

			this.picker[ 'translate' ].visible = false;
			this.picker[ 'rotate' ].visible = false;
			this.picker[ 'scale' ].visible = false;

		}

		// updateMatrixWorld will update transformations and appearance of individual handles

		updateMatrixWorld( force ) {

			const space = this.mode === 'scale' ? 'local' : this.space; // scale always oriented to local rotation

			const quaternion = space === 'local' ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion;

			// Show only gizmos for current transform mode

			this.gizmo[ 'translate' ].visible = this.mode === 'translate';
			this.gizmo[ 'rotate' ].visible = this.mode === 'rotate';
			this.gizmo[ 'scale' ].visible = this.mode === 'scale';
			this.helper[ 'translate' ].visible = this.mode === 'translate';
			this.helper[ 'rotate' ].visible = this.mode === 'rotate';
			this.helper[ 'scale' ].visible = this.mode === 'scale';
			let handles = [];
			handles = handles.concat( this.picker[ this.mode ].children );
			handles = handles.concat( this.gizmo[ this.mode ].children );
			handles = handles.concat( this.helper[ this.mode ].children );
			for ( let i = 0; i < handles.length; i ++ ) {

				const handle = handles[ i ];

				// hide aligned to camera

				handle.visible = true;
				handle.rotation.set( 0, 0, 0 );
				handle.position.copy( this.worldPosition );
				let factor;
				if ( this.camera.isOrthographicCamera ) {

					factor = ( this.camera.top - this.camera.bottom ) / this.camera.zoom;

				} else {

					factor = this.worldPosition.distanceTo( this.cameraPosition ) * Math.min( 1.9 * Math.tan( Math.PI * this.camera.fov / 360 ) / this.camera.zoom, 7 );

				}

				handle.scale.set( 1, 1, 1 ).multiplyScalar( factor * this.size / 4 );

				// TODO: simplify helpers and consider decoupling from gizmo

				if ( handle.tag === 'helper' ) {

					handle.visible = false;
					if ( handle.name === 'AXIS' ) {

						handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );
						handle.visible = !! this.axis;
						if ( this.axis === 'X' ) {

							_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, 0, 0 ) );
							handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion ).multiply( _tempQuaternion );
							if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > 0.9 ) {

								handle.visible = false;

							}

						}

						if ( this.axis === 'Y' ) {

							_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ) );
							handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion ).multiply( _tempQuaternion );
							if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > 0.9 ) {

								handle.visible = false;

							}

						}

						if ( this.axis === 'Z' ) {

							_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ) );
							handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion ).multiply( _tempQuaternion );
							if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > 0.9 ) {

								handle.visible = false;

							}

						}

						if ( this.axis === 'XYZE' ) {

							_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ) );
							_alignVector.copy( this.rotationAxis );
							handle.quaternion.setFromRotationMatrix( _lookAtMatrix.lookAt( _zeroVector, _alignVector, _unitY ) );
							handle.quaternion.multiply( _tempQuaternion );
							handle.visible = this.dragging;

						}

						if ( this.axis === 'E' ) {

							handle.visible = false;

						}

					} else if ( handle.name === 'START' ) {

						handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );
						handle.visible = this.dragging;

					} else if ( handle.name === 'END' ) {

						handle.position.copy( this.worldPosition );
						handle.visible = this.dragging;

					} else if ( handle.name === 'DELTA' ) {

						handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );
						handle.quaternion.copy( this.worldQuaternionStart );
						_tempVector.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 ).add( this.worldPositionStart ).sub( this.worldPosition ).multiplyScalar( - 1 );
						_tempVector.applyQuaternion( this.worldQuaternionStart.clone().invert() );
						handle.scale.copy( _tempVector );
						handle.visible = this.dragging;

					} else {

						handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion );
						if ( this.dragging ) {

							handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );

						} else {

							handle.position.copy( this.worldPosition );

						}

						if ( this.axis ) {

							handle.visible = this.axis.search( handle.name ) !== - 1;

						}

					}

					// If updating helper, skip rest of the loop
					continue;

				}

				// Align handles to current local or world rotation

				handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion );
				if ( this.mode === 'translate' || this.mode === 'scale' ) {

					// Hide translate and scale axis facing the camera

					const AXIS_HIDE_THRESHOLD = 0.99;
					const PLANE_HIDE_THRESHOLD = 0.2;
					if ( handle.name === 'X' ) {

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > AXIS_HIDE_THRESHOLD ) {

							handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( handle.name === 'Y' ) {

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > AXIS_HIDE_THRESHOLD ) {

							handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( handle.name === 'Z' ) {

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > AXIS_HIDE_THRESHOLD ) {

							handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( handle.name === 'XY' ) {

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) < PLANE_HIDE_THRESHOLD ) {

							handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( handle.name === 'YZ' ) {

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) < PLANE_HIDE_THRESHOLD ) {

							handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( handle.name === 'XZ' ) {

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) < PLANE_HIDE_THRESHOLD ) {

							handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

				}
				// 旋转短弧固定在末端(局部/世界)坐标系，不随相机视角自转：
				// 仅保留上面第 ~1062 行的 handle.quaternion = quaternion 基准朝向，
				// 移除原版 X/Y/Z 的 atan2 面向相机自旋逻辑。

				// Hide disabled axes
				handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'X' ) === - 1 || this.showX );
				handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'Y' ) === - 1 || this.showY );
				handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'Z' ) === - 1 || this.showZ );
				handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'E' ) === - 1 || this.showX && this.showY && this.showZ );

				// highlight selected axis

				handle.material._color = handle.material._color || handle.material.color.clone();
				handle.material._opacity = handle.material._opacity || handle.material.opacity;
				handle.material.color.copy( handle.material._color );
				handle.material.opacity = handle.material._opacity;
				if ( this.enabled && this.axis ) {

					if ( handle.name === this.axis ) {

						handle.material.color.setHex( 0xffff00 );
						handle.material.opacity = 1.0;

					} else if ( this.axis.split( '' ).some( function ( a ) {

						return handle.name === a;

					} ) ) {

						handle.material.color.setHex( 0xffff00 );
						handle.material.opacity = 1.0;

					}

				}

			}

			super.updateMatrixWorld( force );

		}

	}

	//

	class TransformControlsPlane extends THREE.Mesh {

		constructor() {

			super( new THREE.PlaneGeometry( 100000, 100000, 2, 2 ), new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( {
				visible: false,
				wireframe: true,
				side: THREE.DoubleSide,
				transparent: true,
				opacity: 0.1,
				toneMapped: false
			} ) );
			this.isTransformControlsPlane = true;
			this.type = 'TransformControlsPlane';

		}
		updateMatrixWorld( force ) {

			let space = this.space;
			this.position.copy( this.worldPosition );
			if ( this.mode === 'scale' ) space = 'local'; // scale always oriented to local rotation

			_v1.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( space === 'local' ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion );
			_v2.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( space === 'local' ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion );
			_v3.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( space === 'local' ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion );

			// Align the plane for current transform mode, axis and space.

			_alignVector.copy( _v2 );
			switch ( this.mode ) {

				case 'translate':
				case 'scale':
					switch ( this.axis ) {

						case 'X':
							_alignVector.copy( this.eye ).cross( _v1 );
							_dirVector.copy( _v1 ).cross( _alignVector );
							break;
						case 'Y':
							_alignVector.copy( this.eye ).cross( _v2 );
							_dirVector.copy( _v2 ).cross( _alignVector );
							break;
						case 'Z':
							_alignVector.copy( this.eye ).cross( _v3 );
							_dirVector.copy( _v3 ).cross( _alignVector );
							break;
						case 'XY':
							_dirVector.copy( _v3 );
							break;
						case 'YZ':
							_dirVector.copy( _v1 );
							break;
						case 'XZ':
							_alignVector.copy( _v3 );
							_dirVector.copy( _v2 );
							break;
						case 'XYZ':
						case 'E':
							_dirVector.set( 0, 0, 0 );
							break;

					}

					break;
				case 'rotate':
				default:
					// special case for rotate
					_dirVector.set( 0, 0, 0 );

			}

			if ( _dirVector.length() === 0 ) {

				// If in rotate mode, make the plane parallel to camera
				this.quaternion.copy( this.cameraQuaternion );

			} else {

				_tempMatrix.lookAt( _tempVector.set( 0, 0, 0 ), _dirVector, _alignVector );
				this.quaternion.setFromRotationMatrix( _tempMatrix );

			}

			super.updateMatrixWorld( force );

		}

	}

	THREE.TransformControls = TransformControls;
	THREE.TransformControlsGizmo = TransformControlsGizmo;
	THREE.TransformControlsPlane = TransformControlsPlane;

} )();
